Linux on PolloChang 工作筆記

Debian13 安裝 Ansible

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 01:24:09 +0800

以下是我在 Debian 13 安裝 Ansible 紀錄

sudo apt install python3-venv -y
mkdir ~/ansible_legacy && cd ~/ansible_legacy
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install "ansible-core<2.17"
vim ~/.zshrc
# source ~/ansible_legacy/venv/bin/activate

結果如下

❯ sudo apt install python3-venv -y
Installing:                     
  python3-venv

Installing dependencies:
  python3-pip-whl  python3-setuptools-whl  python3.13-venv

Summary:
  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 4, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 0
  Download size: 2,782 kB
  Space needed: 2,957 kB / 961 GB available

Get:1 http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 python3-pip-whl all 25.1.1+dfsg-1 [1,507 kB]
Get:2 http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 python3-setuptools-whl all 78.1.1-0.1 [1,268 kB]
Get:3 http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 python3.13-venv amd64 3.13.5-2 [5,472 B]
Get:4 http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 python3-venv amd64 3.13.5-1 [1,180 B]
Fetched 2,782 kB in 2s (1,679 kB/s)      
Selecting previously unselected package python3-pip-whl.
(Reading database ... 332994 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-pip-whl_25.1.1+dfsg-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-pip-whl (25.1.1+dfsg-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-setuptools-whl.
Preparing to unpack .../python3-setuptools-whl_78.1.1-0.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-setuptools-whl (78.1.1-0.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3.13-venv.
Preparing to unpack .../python3.13-venv_3.13.5-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3.13-venv (3.13.5-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-venv.
Preparing to unpack .../python3-venv_3.13.5-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-venv (3.13.5-1) ...
Setting up python3-setuptools-whl (78.1.1-0.1) ...
Setting up python3-pip-whl (25.1.1+dfsg-1) ...
Setting up python3.13-venv (3.13.5-2) ...
Setting up python3-venv (3.13.5-1) ...


❯ mkdir ~/ansible_legacy && cd ~/ansible_legacy

❯ python3 -m venv venv

❯ source venv/bin/activate

❯ pip install "ansible-core<2.17"
Collecting ansible-core<2.17
  Downloading ansible_core-2.16.17-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.9 kB)
Collecting jinja2>=3.0.0 (from ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading jinja2-3.1.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.9 kB)
Collecting PyYAML>=5.1 (from ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading pyyaml-6.0.3-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata (2.4 kB)
Collecting cryptography (from ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading cryptography-46.0.5-cp311-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl.metadata (5.7 kB)
Collecting packaging (from ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading packaging-26.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.3 kB)
Collecting resolvelib<1.1.0,>=0.5.3 (from ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading resolvelib-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.0 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0 (from jinja2>=3.0.0->ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading markupsafe-3.0.3-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl.metadata (2.7 kB)
Collecting cffi>=2.0.0 (from cryptography->ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading cffi-2.0.0-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl.metadata (2.6 kB)
Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=2.0.0->cryptography->ansible-core<2.17)
  Downloading pycparser-3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.2 kB)
Downloading ansible_core-2.16.17-py3-none-any.whl (2.2 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.2/2.2 MB 168.7 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Downloading resolvelib-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Downloading jinja2-3.1.6-py3-none-any.whl (134 kB)
Downloading markupsafe-3.0.3-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl (22 kB)
Downloading pyyaml-6.0.3-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl (801 kB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 801.6/801.6 kB 105.9 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Downloading cryptography-46.0.5-cp311-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl (4.5 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.5/4.5 MB 73.5 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Downloading cffi-2.0.0-cp313-cp313-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl (219 kB)
Downloading packaging-26.0-py3-none-any.whl (74 kB)
Downloading pycparser-3.0-py3-none-any.whl (48 kB)
Installing collected packages: resolvelib, PyYAML, pycparser, packaging, MarkupSafe, jinja2, cffi, cryptography, ansible-core
Successfully installed MarkupSafe-3.0.3 PyYAML-6.0.3 ansible-core-2.16.17 cffi-2.0.0 cryptography-46.0.5 jinja2-3.1.6 packaging-26.0 pycparser-3.0 resolvelib-1.0.1

❯ ansible --version 
ansible [core 2.16.17]
  config file = None
  configured module search path = ['/home/pollochang/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /home/pollochang/ansible_legacy/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/ansible
  ansible collection location = /home/pollochang/.ansible/collections:/usr/share/ansible/collections
  executable location = /home/pollochang/ansible_legacy/venv/bin/ansible
  python version = 3.13.5 (main, Jun 25 2025, 18:55:22) [GCC 14.2.0] (/home/pollochang/ansible_legacy/venv/bin/python3)
  jinja version = 3.1.6
  libyaml = True

常用 package

ntp-server

Mon, 09 Feb 2026 22:08:21 +0800

部屬 NTP Server
#

Oracle Linux 7
#

安裝 ntp 服務

`1`	`yum install ntp`

/etc/ntp.conf

#  先拒絕IPv4 & IPv6的用戶存取服務
restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

#  設定需要的時間伺服器進入
restrict 118.163.81.61
restrict 118.163.81.63
restrict 211.22.103.157

#  允許本機與相關網段
restrict 127.0.0.1 
restrict ::1
restrict 192.168.56.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify


#  設定校時用的Server，perfer為最優先
server 118.163.81.61 prefer
server 118.163.81.63
server 211.22.103.157

1
2

systemctl enable --now ntpd
firewall-cmd --add-port=123/udp --permanent && systemctl restart firewalld

檢查有設定成功

ntpq -p

以下為檢查結果

deploy-glassfish-on-oracle-linux

Wed, 14 Jan 2026 23:20:50 +0800

`1`	`mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/jvm`

1
2

wget https://github.com/adoptium/temurin17-binaries/releases/download/jdk-17.0.17%2B10/OpenJDK17U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_17.0.17_10.tar.gz
wget https://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/eclipse/ee4j/glassfish/glassfish-7.1.0.zip

1
2

tar -zxf OpenJDK17U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_17.0.17_10.tar.gz -C /usr/local/lib/jvm
ln -s /usr/local/lib/jvm/jdk-17.0.17+10 /usr/local/lib/jvm/jdk-17-lasted

unzip -q glassfish-7.1.0.zip -d /opt/

sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -d /opt/glassfish7 --system glassfish

chown -R glassfish: /opt/glassfish7

1
2

export JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/lib/jvm/jdk-17-lasted"
export PATH=${PATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/bin

# 啟動網域
/opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin start-domain
# 設定管理員密碼
/opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin change-admin-password
# 啟用遠端管理介面 (GUI)
/opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin enable-secure-admin
/opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin restart-domain

[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ export JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/lib/jvm/jdk-17-lasted"
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ java -version
-bash: java: command not found
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ export PATH=${PATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/bin
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ java -version
openjdk version "17.0.17" 2025-10-21
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-17.0.17+10 (build 17.0.17+10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-17.0.17+10 (build 17.0.17+10, mixed mode, sharing)
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ /opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin start-domain
Waiting until start of domain domain1 completes................ ... finished after 15399 ms.

Successfully started the domain domain1.
  Location: /opt/glassfish7/glassfish/domains/domain1
  Log File: /opt/glassfish7/glassfish/domains/domain1/logs/server.log
  The pid file /opt/glassfish7/glassfish/domains/domain1/config/pid contains pid 1860.
  Process with pid 1860 is alive
  Admin Endpoints:
    http://localhost:4848 is reachable.

Command start-domain executed successfully.
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ /opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin change-admin-password
Enter admin user name [default: admin]>
Enter the admin password> 
Enter the new admin password> 
Enter the new admin password again> 
Command change-admin-password executed successfully.
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ /opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin change-admin-password
Enter admin user name [default: admin]>
Enter the admin password> 
Enter the new admin password> 
Enter the new admin password again> 
Command change-admin-password executed successfully.
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ /opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin enable-secure-admin
Enter admin user name>  admin
Enter admin password for user "admin"> 
You must restart all running servers for the change in secure admin to take effect.
Command enable-secure-admin executed successfully.
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$ /opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin restart-domain
Stopping local domain on admin endpoint localhost:4848
Waiting for process with pid 1860 to stop. ... finished after 868 ms.
Waiting for the new PID................... ... finished after 18980 ms.
Waiting until start of domain domain1 completes. ... finished after 19 ms.

Successfully started the domain domain1.
  Location: /opt/glassfish7/glassfish/domains/domain1
  The pid file /opt/glassfish7/glassfish/domains/domain1/config/pid contains pid 2255.
  Process with pid 2255 is alive
  Admin Endpoints:
    http://localhost:4848 is reachable.

Command restart-domain executed successfully.
[glassfish@test-ap-150 ~]$

/etc/systemd/system/glassfish.service

[Unit]
Description=GlassFish Server v7
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
User=glassfish
Group=glassfish
Type=forking
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/lib/jvm/jdk-17-lasted
ExecStart=/opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin start-domain
ExecStop=/opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin stop-domain
ExecReload=/opt/glassfish7/bin/asadmin restart-domain
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Build Template - Oracle Linux 8

Tue, 07 Oct 2025 10:06:25 +0800

Oracle Linux 8 範本建置紀錄

通用設定
#

建置前置作業
#

更新作業系統

`1`	`sudo dnf update -y`

安裝常用的軟體

這部份可以依據實際狀況處理

howdy 人臉辨識

Sun, 29 Jun 2025 09:34:41 +0800

環境
#

OS: Debian 12

安裝
#

`1`	`git clone git@github.com:boltgolt/howdy.git`

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y \
python3 python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel \
cmake make build-essential \
libpam0g-dev libinih-dev libevdev-dev python3-opencv \
python3-dev libopencv-dev python3-pip python3-venv v4l-utils
sudo pip install dlib opencv-python --break-system-packages
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

1
2
3

meson setup build
meson compile -C build
meson install -C build

`1`	`v4l2-ctl --list-devices`

`1`	`sudo howdy config`

`1`	`device_path: /dev/video0`

`1`	`sudo howdy -U pollochang add`

/etc/pam.d/common-auth

`1`	`auth sufficient /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_howdy.so`

/etc/pam.d/gdm-password

@include common-auth
auth    sufficient      /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_howdy.so
...
@include common-account

`1`	`sudo systemctl restart gdm3`

UxPlay - IPhone 螢幕投影

Sun, 29 Jun 2025 06:53:48 +0800

安裝 UxPlay
#

安裝必要套件

1
2
3

sudo apt install pkg-config pkgconf cmake build-essential  
     libssl-dev libplist-dev \
     libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev

1
2
3

cmake .
make -j $(nproc)
sudo make install

1
2
3

sudo systemctl enable --now avahi-daemon.service

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

/etc/firewalld/services/uxplay.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<service>
    <description>An open-source AirPlay mirroring server based on RPiPlay</description>
    <port port="6000-6001" protocol="udp"/>
    <port port="7011" protocol="udp"/>
    <port port="7000-7001" protocol="tcp"/>
    <port port="7100" protocol="tcp"/>
</service>

1
2
3

sudo systemctl restart firewalld
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=uxplay --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

`1`	`/usr/local/bin/uxplay -p -vs waylandsink -fps 60 -s 1920x1080`

~/.config/systemd/user/uxplay.service

[Unit]
Description=UxPlay service
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/uxplay -p 7000 -vs waylandsink -fs -fps 60 -s 1920x1080

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

參考資料
#

我使用Debian的方式

Sat, 14 Jun 2025 08:37:57 +0800

移除 Gnome 桌面預設
#

`1`	`sudo apt remove packagekit`

移除 packagekit : 因為我想100%決定我何時更新

Linux Gdisk Error

Thu, 06 Feb 2025 22:22:37 +0800

今天在實驗室中擴充一顆虛擬硬碟到 150 G，原先是 50G。但是不管是重新開機都無法識別。

後來發現 GPT 分割表未更新，如下

root@moniter:~# fdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT PMBR size mismatch (104857599 != 314572799) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device.
Disk /dev/sda: 150 GiB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK   
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7F238892-1C86-461A-8E79-62365FFA4746

Device     Start       End   Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1   2048 104855551 104853504  50G Linux filesystem

以下是處理方式

linux 登入使用 google auth 二階段驗證

Sat, 11 Jan 2025 22:36:14 +0800

環境
#

OS: Debian 12

安裝及部屬
#

安裝
#

安裝 libpam-google-authenticator

Disable Gnome Auto Upate

Thu, 09 Jan 2025 20:04:08 +0800

禁止 Gnome 自動背景更新

設定文件: /etc/PackageKit/PackageKit.conf

設定文禁止更新

1
2

#PreventNetworkAccess=false
PreventNetworkAccess=true

1
2

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart packagekit

將腳本丟到背景執行

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 11:24:09 +0800

# 將腳本丟到背景執行，會輸出背景執行 PID Number
nohup /usr/local/bin/example-shell.sh &

# 監控結果
tail -f nohup.out

# 監控背景程序還有執行
watch -n 1 "ps -p 120448 -o pid,ppid,%cpu,%mem,cmd"

systemctl

Sun, 22 Dec 2024 23:31:25 +0800

變更 systemctl 默認編輯器
#

`1`	`sudo update-alternatives --config editor`

執行結果

root@example:~# sudo update-alternatives --config editor
There are 3 choices for the alternative editor (providing /usr/bin/editor).

  Selection    Path                Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /bin/nano            40        auto mode
  1            /bin/nano            40        manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/vim.basic   30        manual mode
  3            /usr/bin/vim.tiny    15        manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 2
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in manual mode

同檔名優先權
#

在 /etc/systemd/system 與 /lib/systemd/system 有相同服務檔案名，會優先使用 /etc/systemd/system 路徑中的內容。

nmcli 指令操作

Wed, 18 Dec 2024 22:19:44 +0800

處理前動作
#

檢查文件中已經有配置: /etc/network/interfaces 如果有需要註解，範例如下:

1
2
3

# The primary network interface
# allow-hotplug enp1s0
# iface enp1s0 inet dhcp

新增網卡配置
#

`1`	`sudo nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name enp1s0 ifname enp1s0 ipv4.addresses 192.168.56.100/24 gw4 192.168.56.1 ipv4.dns 127.0.0.1 ipv4.method manual`

設定完需要重起 NetworkManager

關閉centos7防火牆firewalld改用傳統的iptables

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 23:05:07 +0800

關閉 centos7 防火牆 firewalld 改用傳統的 iptables
#

這樣做的原因
#

因為firewalld 政策是對外嚴謹對內寬鬆，所以當需求是需要對內嚴謹時無法滿足需求

Firewalld Common Questions

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 23:01:31 +0800

firewalld 問題整理
#

AllowZoneDrifting is enabled.
#

出現 AllowZoneDrifting is enabled.

[root@ex-ap test]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-02-13 09:58:54 CST; 2s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 7200 (firewalld)
    Tasks: 2
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─7200 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Feb 13 09:58:53 ex-ap systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Feb 13 09:58:54 ex-ap systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Feb 13 09:58:54 ex-ap firewalld[7200]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure configuration option. It wil... it now.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

解決方式

修改 /etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf 中的 AllowZoneDrifting 參數改為 no

Firewalld 學習筆記

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 23:00:29 +0800

以下是 firewalld 學習筆記

firewall 網路來源優先
#

有設定 IP source 優先
有設定網卡優先
預設區域

區域簡介
#

firewalld 的區域（zone）可用來設定網路連線、介面等所處的運作環境，對內使用的區域其防火牆規則會較為寬鬆，反之若是對外的區域其規則會較為嚴謹。

Firewalld Forward Port 防火牆轉發

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 22:59:15 +0800

# firewall-cmd --add-forward-port=port=port-number:proto=tcp|udp|sctp|dccp:toport=port-number

sudo firewall-cmd --query-masquerade # 查詢有IP 偽裝
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-masquerade
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-forward-port=port=33822:proto=tcp:toport=22:toaddr=203.74.221.35

Create Local Repository for Yum

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 22:50:58 +0800

建立本地yum倉庫
#

生一個CentOS7 的環境
#

local repository
#

環境
#

CentOS 7

CRON[204259]: PAM unable to dlopen(pam_pwquality.so)

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 12:23:09 +0800

詳細錯誤訊息
#

Nov 18 12:17:01 91214Desktop CRON[204259]: PAM unable to dlopen(pam_pwquality.so): /lib/security/pam_pwquality.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Nov 18 12:17:01 91214Desktop CRON[204259]: PAM adding faulty module: pam_pwquality.so
Nov 18 12:17:01 91214Desktop CRON[204259]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Nov 18 12:17:01 91214Desktop CRON[204259]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root

環境
#

Debian 11

解決方式
#

1
2
3

sudo apt install libpam-pwquality
sudo mkdir -p /lib/security
sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_pwquality.so /lib/security/pam_pwquality.so

install-open-project-on-debain11

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 12:23:09 +0800

環境
#

OS: Debain 11
RAM: 4G
CPU: 4 Core

新增資料庫
#

su postgres -c psql
CREATE DATABASE openprojectdb;
CREATE USER openprojectap WITH PASSWORD 'Pass@wd';
GRANT ALL ON DATABASE openprojectdb to openprojectap;
ALTER USER openprojectap WITH PASSWORD 'paddww';

安裝指令
#

apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates wget gpg
wget -qO- https://dl.packager.io/srv/opf/openproject/key | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/packager-io.gpg
wget -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/openproject.list https://dl.packager.io/srv/opf/openproject/stable/15/installer/debian/11.repo
apt update
apt install openproject

`1`	`sudo openproject configure`

–base-url https://10.1.4.43/openproject

Fail2ban

Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:18:25 +0800

fail2ban 安裝
#

`1`	`apt install fail2ban -y`

狀態
#

檢查監控的服務

Nmon

Mon, 28 Oct 2024 22:08:21 +0800

nmon
#

nmon_analyser
#

69 版本有問題，所以我這邊下載 66

linux 設定網路

Mon, 05 Aug 2024 22:41:58 +0800

設定網路
#

啟動網卡
#

`1`	`sudo ip link set eth0 up`

透過 DHCP 取得IP
#

`1`	`sudo dhclient eth0`

安裝 NetworkManager
#

Debian

1
2
3

sudo apt install network-manager
sudo systemctl start NetworkManager
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager

Arch Linux 安裝

Fri, 02 Aug 2024 22:40:11 +0800

環境
#

KVM
- CPU: 2 core
- RAM: 2G

環境調查事項
#

開機方式: bios_grub or UEFI

環境規劃
#

硬碟
#

swap: 4G
bios_grub: 1M
/boot: 1GB

下載
#

`1`	`wget https://linux.cs.nctu.edu.tw/archlinux/iso/2024.08.01/archlinux-2024.08.01-x86_64.iso`

安裝 SOP
#

選擇鏡像站

Debiain 桌面設定

Thu, 01 Aug 2024 23:37:45 +0800

筆電
#

蓋上螢幕不休眠
#

/etc/systemd/logind.conf

`1`	`HandleLidSwitch=ignore`

1
2

sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind 
sudp reboot

在 Linux 中製作 USB 開機牒

Wed, 17 Jul 2024 23:04:42 +0800

方案
#

BalenaEtcher

環境
#

OS: Debian 12

處理步驟
#

1
2
3

curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/balena/etcher/setup.deb.sh' | sudo -E bash
sudo apt update
sudo apt install balena-etcher-electron

Linux Iconv

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 14:16:50 +0800

Linux 轉碼工具

# 查詢檔案編碼
file -i source-file.sql 
# 執行轉碼
iconv -f utf-16le -t UTF-8 source-file.sql -o gole-file.sql

在 Linux 中，su account 和 su - account 有以下主要差別

Thu, 04 Jul 2024 18:18:54 +0800

su account
#

保持當前環境：su account 切換到 account 用戶時，會保留當前用戶的環境變量和當前目錄。
不會加載 account 用戶的環境配置：這意味著 account 用戶的 .bash_profile 或 .profile 等配置文件不會被執行。
當前目錄不變：切換到 account 用戶後，會保持在切換前的目錄。

su - account
#

模擬完整登錄：su - account 切換到 account 用戶時，會模擬完整的登錄過程，就像 account 用戶剛剛通過 SSH 或登入界面登錄一樣。
加載 account 用戶的環境配置：account 用戶的 .bash_profile 或 .profile 等配置文件會被執行，設置該用戶的環境變量。
切換到用戶的主目錄：切換到 account 用戶後，會自動進入該用戶的主目錄（通常是 /home/account）。

Linux Grub2 Set Default(手動設定開機時要啟動的 linux 核心)

Wed, 03 Jul 2024 23:43:33 +0800

手動設定開機時要啟動的 linux 核心

操作步驟

查看目前已經有安哪些核心
選擇核心
重新生成GRUB配置
重新開機
檢查

# 1. 查看目前已經有安哪些核心
grep ^menuentry /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

# 2. 選擇核心
grub2-set-default 0

# 3. 重新生成GRUB配置
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

# 4. 重新開機
reboot

# 5. 檢查
uname -a

處理結果

設定 Linux 檔案瀏覽器 Files 預設的 Columns

Mon, 01 Jul 2024 09:48:08 +0800

使用以下命令來查看當前設置：

`1`	`gsettings get org.gnome.nautilus.list-view default-visible-columns`

設置你想要的欄位，例如：

`1`	`gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.list-view default-visible-columns "['name', 'size', 'type', 'date_modified']"`

default-visible-columns values

name: 檔案或目錄的名稱
size: 檔案的大小
type: 檔案的類型
date_modified: 檔案的修改日期
date_accessed: 檔案的訪問日期
owner: 檔案的所有者
group: 檔案的群組
permissions: 檔案的權限
detailed_type: 檔案的詳細類型（例如“MPEG-4 影片”、“PNG 圖片”）

linux last 指令

Tue, 25 Jun 2024 12:24:41 +0800

統計每個 IP 地址的出現次數
#

`1`	`last \| awk '{print $3}' \| grep -Eo '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}' \| sort \| uniq -c \| sort -nr`

last：顯示用戶登錄的歷史記錄。
awk ‘{print $3}’：提取輸出的第三列，通常是 IP 地址或主機名。
grep -Eo ‘([0-9]{1,3}.){3}[0-9]{1,3}’：使用正則表達式過濾出有效的 IP 地址。
sort：將結果排序，這一步是 uniq -c 正常工作的前提。
uniq -c：統計每個唯一 IP 地址的出現次數。
sort -nr：按數量從大到小排序。

Linux 硬體檢視

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:25:07 +0800

使用 lshw 工具
#

安裝
#

Debian

`1`	`sudo apt install lshw`

檢測
#

CPU
#

❯ sudo lshw -short -class bus -class cpu                                      
H/W path       Device          Class          Description
=========================================================
/0                             bus            01M3M4
/0/400                         processor      11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 @ 2.60GHz
/0/100/d                       bus            Tiger Lake-LP Thunderbolt 4 USB Controller
/0/100/d/0     usb1            bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/d/1     usb2            bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/d.2                     bus            Tiger Lake-LP Thunderbolt 4 NHI #0
/0/100/14                      bus            Tiger Lake-LP USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14/0    usb3            bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14/1    usb4            bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/15                      bus            Tiger Lake-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0
/0/100/15.1                    bus            Tiger Lake-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #1
/0/100/1c/0    mmc0            bus            RTS525A PCI Express Card Reader
/0/100/1f.4                    bus            Tiger Lake-LP SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5                    bus            Tiger Lake-LP SPI Controller

RAM
#

❯ sudo lshw -short -C memory
H/W path       Device          Class          Description
=========================================================
/0/1                           memory         1MiB BIOS
/0/400/701                     memory         128KiB L1 cache
/0/400/702                     memory         5MiB L2 cache
/0/400/703                     memory         8MiB L3 cache
/0/700                         memory         192KiB L1 cache
/0/1000                        memory         64GiB System Memory
/0/1000/0                      memory         32GiB SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous 3200 MHz (0.3 ns)
/0/1000/1                      memory         32GiB SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous 3200 MHz (0.3 ns)
/0/100/14.2                    memory         RAM memory

硬碟
#

❯ sudo lshw -class disk -class storage -short                             
H/W path       Device          Class          Description
=========================================================
/0/100/e                       storage        Volume Management Device NVMe RAID Controller
/0/1d/0                        storage        P2 NVMe PCIe SSD
/3             /dev/nvme0      storage        CT2000P3PSSD8
/3/0           hwmon1          disk           NVMe disk
/3/2           /dev/ng0n1      disk           NVMe disk
/3/1           /dev/nvme0n1    disk           2TB NVMe disk

網路介面
#

❯ sudo lshw -class network
  *-network:0               
       description: Wireless interface
       product: Wi-Fi 6 AX201
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 14.3
       bus info: pci@0000:00:14.3
       logical name: wlp0s20f3
       version: 20
       serial: 7c:21:4a:8a:1b:be
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=6.1.0-21-amd64 firmware=72.daa05125.0 QuZ-a0-hr-b0-72.u ip=192.168.0.4 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
       resources: iomemory:600-5ff irq:16 memory:6055294000-6055297fff
  *-network:1
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: Ethernet Connection (13) I219-LM
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 1f.6
       bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.6
       logical name: enp0s31f6
       version: 20
       serial: a0:29:19:7d:1d:48
       capacity: 1Gbit/s
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=6.1.0-21-amd64 firmware=0.8-4 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair
       resources: irq:163 memory:a6100000-a611ffff

參考資料
#

The Geek Diary-lshw: command not found

Update Nvidia 470 Dirver

Tue, 11 Jun 2024 22:29:27 +0800

Linux 安裝 NVidia 驅動程式

環境
#

OS: Debian 11
GPU: Nvidia 410
建議開機: boot

執行步驟
#

檢查 GPU 型號

`1`	`lspci -nn \| egrep -i "3d\|display\|vga"`

1
2

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 630 [8086:591b] (rev 04)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile] [10de:1c20] (rev a1)

安裝 linux-headers 及必要套件

Debian

1
2

sudo apt install linux-image-$(uname -r)-dbg linux-image-$(uname -r) linux-headers-$(uname -r)
sudo apt -y install build-essential libglvnd-dev pkg-config gcc g++ make

移除不必要套件
下載最新 Nvidia driver

到以下網址下載最新的驅動程式

putty 編譯安裝

Wed, 05 Jun 2024 22:52:47 +0800

編譯安裝
#

下載 putty

1
2
3

wget https://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/putty-0.83.tar.gz
tar -zxf putty-0.83.tar.gz
cd putty-0.83

建立 catch

cmake .

❯ cmake . 
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Found Git: /usr/bin/git (found version "2.39.2") 
-- Looking for sys/auxv.h
-- Looking for sys/auxv.h - found
-- Looking for asm/hwcap.h
-- Looking for asm/hwcap.h - not found
-- Looking for sys/sysctl.h
-- Looking for sys/sysctl.h - not found
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for glob.h
-- Looking for glob.h - found
-- Looking for utmp.h
-- Looking for utmp.h - found
-- Looking for utmpx.h
-- Looking for utmpx.h - found
-- Looking for futimes
-- Looking for futimes - found
-- Looking for getaddrinfo
-- Looking for getaddrinfo - found
-- Looking for posix_openpt
-- Looking for posix_openpt - found
-- Looking for ptsname
-- Looking for ptsname - found
-- Looking for setresuid
-- Looking for setresuid - found
-- Looking for setresgid
-- Looking for setresgid - found
-- Looking for strsignal
-- Looking for strsignal - found
-- Looking for updwtmpx
-- Looking for updwtmpx - found
-- Looking for fstatat
-- Looking for fstatat - found
-- Looking for dirfd
-- Looking for dirfd - found
-- Looking for setpwent
-- Looking for setpwent - found
-- Looking for endpwent
-- Looking for endpwent - found
-- Looking for getauxval
-- Looking for getauxval - found
-- Looking for elf_aux_info
-- Looking for elf_aux_info - not found
-- Looking for sysctlbyname
-- Looking for sysctlbyname - not found
-- Looking for CLOCK_MONOTONIC
-- Looking for CLOCK_MONOTONIC - found
-- Looking for clock_gettime
-- Looking for clock_gettime - found
-- Performing Test HAVE_SO_PEERCRED
-- Performing Test HAVE_SO_PEERCRED - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_NULLARY_SETPGRP
-- Performing Test HAVE_NULLARY_SETPGRP - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_BINARY_SETPGRP
-- Performing Test HAVE_BINARY_SETPGRP - Failed
-- Found PkgConfig: /usr/bin/pkg-config (found version "1.8.1") 
-- Checking for module 'gtk+-3.0'
--   Package 'gtk+-3.0', required by 'virtual:world', not found
-- Checking for module 'gtk+-2.0'
--   Package 'gtk+-2.0', required by 'virtual:world', not found
-- Checking for GTK1 (via gtk-config)
-- Looking for pow in m
-- Looking for pow in m - found
-- Looking for clock_gettime in rt
-- Looking for clock_gettime in rt - found
-- Looking for socket in xnet
-- Looking for socket in xnet - not found
-- Looking for dlopen in dl
-- Looking for dlopen in dl - found
-- Performing Test HAVE_ALIGNED_ALLOC
-- Performing Test HAVE_ALIGNED_ALLOC - Success
-- Found Perl: /usr/bin/perl (found version "5.36.0") 
-- Performing Test HAVE_WMMINTRIN_H
-- Performing Test HAVE_WMMINTRIN_H - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_AES_NI
-- Performing Test HAVE_AES_NI - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_SHAINTRIN_H
-- Performing Test HAVE_SHAINTRIN_H - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_SHA_NI
-- Performing Test HAVE_SHA_NI - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CLMUL
-- Performing Test HAVE_CLMUL - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_ARM_NEON_H
-- Performing Test HAVE_ARM_NEON_H - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_ARM64_NEON_H
-- Performing Test HAVE_ARM64_NEON_H - Failed
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/testaccount/Downloads/putty-0.81

編譯及安裝

`1`	`sudo cmake --build . --target install`

❯ sudo cmake --build . --target install
[  0%] Checking current git commit
[  0%] Built target check_git_commit
[  0%] Updating cmake_commit.c
[  0%] Built target cmake_commit_c
[  0%] Building C object CMakeFiles/utils.dir/CMakeFiles/cmake_commit.c.o
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Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/plink
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/man/man1/plink.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/pscp
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/man/man1/pscp.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/psftp
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/man/man1/psftp.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/psusan
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/man/man1/psusan.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/puttygen
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/man/man1/puttygen.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/pageant
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/man/man1/pageant.1

使用
#

`1`	`plink -i ~/.ssh/[putty].ppk [user@]host`

Linux Cli Netstat

Mon, 03 Jun 2024 12:29:55 +0800

線上手冊內容
#

NETSTAT(8)									     Linux System Administrator's Manual									  NETSTAT(8)

NAME
       netstat - Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

SYNOPSIS
       netstat	[address_family_options]  [--tcp|-t]  [--udp|-u]  [--udplite|-U]  [--sctp|-S]  [--raw|-w]  [--l2cap|-2]	 [--rfcomm|-f]	[--listening|-l]  [--all|-a] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--nu‐
       meric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--symbolic|-N] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--timers|-o] [--program|-p] [--verbose|-v] [--continuous|-c] [--wide|-W]

       netstat {--route|-r} [address_family_options] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--verbose|-v] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

       netstat {--interfaces|-i} [--all|-a] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--verbose|-v] [--program|-p] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

       netstat {--groups|-g} [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

       netstat {--masquerade|-M} [--extend|-e] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

       netstat {--statistics|-s} [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--udplite|-U] [--sctp|-S] [--raw|-w]

       netstat {--version|-V}

       netstat {--help|-h}

       address_family_options:

       [-4|--inet] [-6|--inet6] [--protocol={inet,inet6,unix,ipx,ax25,netrom,ddp,bluetooth, ... } ] [--unix|-x] [--inet|--ip|--tcpip] [--ax25] [--x25] [--rose]	 [--ash]  [--bluetooth]	 [--ipx]  [--netrom]
       [--ddp|--appletalk] [--econet|--ec]

NOTES
       This program is mostly obsolete.	 Replacement for netstat is ss.	 Replacement for netstat -r is ip route.  Replacement for netstat -i is ip -s link.  Replacement for netstat -g is ip maddr.

DESCRIPTION
       Netstat prints information about the Linux networking subsystem.	 The type of information printed is controlled by the first argument, as follows:

   (none)
       By default, netstat displays a list of open sockets.  If you don't specify any address families, then the active sockets of all configured address families will be printed.

   --route, -r
       Display the kernel routing tables. See the description in route(8) for details.	netstat -r and route -e produce the same output.

   --groups, -g
       Display multicast group membership information for IPv4 and IPv6.

   --interfaces, -i
       Display a table of all network interfaces.

   --masquerade, -M
       Display a list of masqueraded connections.

   --statistics, -s
       Display summary statistics for each protocol.

OPTIONS
   --verbose, -v
       Tell the user what is going on by being verbose. Especially print some useful information about unconfigured address families.

   --wide, -W
       Do not truncate IP addresses by using output as wide as needed. This is optional for now to not break existing scripts.

   --numeric, -n
       Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host, port or user names.

   --numeric-hosts
       shows numerical host addresses but does not affect the resolution of port or user names.

   --numeric-ports
       shows numerical port numbers but does not affect the resolution of host or user names.

   --numeric-users
       shows numerical user IDs but does not affect the resolution of host or port names.

   --protocol=family, -A
       Specifies the address families (perhaps better described as low level protocols) for which connections are to be shown.	family is a comma (',') separated list of address family keywords like inet,
       inet6, unix, ipx, ax25, netrom, econet, ddp, and bluetooth.  This has the same effect as using the --inet|-4, --inet6|-6, --unix|-x, --ipx, --ax25, --netrom, --ddp, and --bluetooth options.

       The address family inet (Iv4) includes raw, udp, udplite and tcp protocol sockets.

       The address family bluetooth (Iv4) includes l2cap and rfcomm protocol sockets.

   -c, --continuous
       This will cause netstat to print the selected information every second continuously.

   -e, --extend
       Display additional information.	Use this option twice for maximum detail.

   -o, --timers
       Include information related to networking timers.

   -p, --program
       Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.

   -l, --listening
       Show only listening sockets.  (These are omitted by default.)

   -a, --all
       Show both listening and non-listening sockets.  With the --interfaces option, show interfaces that are not up

   -F
       Print routing information from the FIB.	(This is the default.)

   -C
       Print routing information from the route cache.

OUTPUT
   Active Internet connections (TCP, UDP, UDPLite, raw)
   Proto
       The protocol (tcp, udp, udpl, raw) used by the socket.

   Recv-Q
       Established: The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected to this socket.	 Listening: Since Kernel 2.6.18 this column contains the current syn backlog.

   Send-Q
       Established: The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.  Listening: Since Kernel 2.6.18 this column contains the maximum size of the syn backlog.

   Local Address
       Address and port number of the local end of the socket.	Unless the --numeric (-n) option is specified, the socket address is resolved to its canonical host name (FQDN),  and  the  port  number  is
       translated into the corresponding service name.

   Foreign Address
       Address and port number of the remote end of the socket.	 Analogous to "Local Address".

   State
       The state of the socket. Since there are no states in raw mode and usually no states used in UDP and UDPLite, this column may be left blank. Normally this can be one of several values:

       ESTABLISHED
	      The socket has an established connection.

       SYN_SENT
	      The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection.

       SYN_RECV
	      A connection request has been received from the network.

       FIN_WAIT1
	      The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down.

       FIN_WAIT2
	      Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for a shutdown from the remote end.

       TIME_WAIT
	      The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the network.

       CLOSE  The socket is not being used.

       CLOSE_WAIT
	      The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close.

       LAST_ACK
	      The remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed. Waiting for acknowledgement.

       LISTEN The socket is listening for incoming connections.	 Such sockets are not included in the output unless you specify the --listening (-l) or --all (-a) option.

       CLOSING
	      Both sockets are shut down but we still don't have all our data sent.

       UNKNOWN
	      The state of the socket is unknown.

   User
       The username or the user id (UID) of the owner of the socket.

   PID/Program name
       Slash-separated pair of the process id (PID) and process name of the process that owns the socket.  --program causes this column to be included.	 You will also need superuser privileges to see this
       information on sockets you don't own.  This identification information is not yet available for IPX sockets.

   Timer
       (this needs to be written)

   Active UNIX domain Sockets
   Proto
       The protocol (usually unix) used by the socket.

   RefCnt
       The reference count (i.e. attached processes via this socket).

   Flags
       The flags displayed is SO_ACCEPTON (displayed as ACC), SO_WAITDATA (W) or SO_NOSPACE (N).  SO_ACCECPTON is used on unconnected sockets if their corresponding processes are waiting for a connect re‐
       quest. The other flags are not of normal interest.

   Type
       There are several types of socket access:

       SOCK_DGRAM
	      The socket is used in Datagram (connectionless) mode.

       SOCK_STREAM
	      This is a stream (connection) socket.

       SOCK_RAW
	      The socket is used as a raw socket.

       SOCK_RDM
	      This one serves reliably-delivered messages.

       SOCK_SEQPACKET
	      This is a sequential packet socket.

       SOCK_PACKET
	      Raw interface access socket.

       UNKNOWN
	      Who ever knows what the future will bring us - just fill in here :-)

   State
       This field will contain one of the following Keywords:

       FREE   The socket is not allocated

       LISTENING
	      The socket is listening for a connection request.	 Such sockets are only included in the output if you specify the --listening (-l) or --all (-a) option.

       CONNECTING
	      The socket is about to establish a connection.

       CONNECTED
	      The socket is connected.

       DISCONNECTING
	      The socket is disconnecting.

       (empty)
	      The socket is not connected to another one.

       UNKNOWN
	      This state should never happen.

   PID/Program name
       Process ID (PID) and process name of the process that has the socket open.  More info available in Active Internet connections section written above.

   Path
       This is the path name as which the corresponding processes attached to the socket.

   Active IPX sockets
       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

   Active NET/ROM sockets
       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

   Active AX.25 sockets
       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

FILES
       /etc/services -- The services translation file

       /proc -- Mount point for the proc filesystem, which gives access to kernel status information via the following files.

       /proc/net/dev -- device information

       /proc/net/raw -- raw socket information

       /proc/net/tcp -- TCP socket information

       /proc/net/udp -- UDP socket information

       /proc/net/udplite -- UDPLite socket information

       /proc/net/igmp -- IGMP multicast information

       /proc/net/unix -- Unix domain socket information

       /proc/net/ipx -- IPX socket information

       /proc/net/ax25 -- AX25 socket information

       /proc/net/appletalk -- DDP (appletalk) socket information

       /proc/net/nr -- NET/ROM socket information

       /proc/net/route -- IP routing information

       /proc/net/ax25_route -- AX25 routing information

       /proc/net/ipx_route -- IPX routing information

       /proc/net/nr_nodes -- NET/ROM nodelist

       /proc/net/nr_neigh -- NET/ROM neighbours

       /proc/net/ip_masquerade -- masqueraded connections

       /sys/kernel/debug/bluetooth/l2cap -- Bluetooth L2CAP information

       /sys/kernel/debug/bluetooth/rfcomm -- Bluetooth serial connections

       /proc/net/snmp -- statistics

SEE ALSO
       route(8), ifconfig(8), iptables(8), proc(5) ss(8) ip(8)

BUGS
       Occasionally strange information may appear if a socket changes as it is viewed. This is unlikely to occur.

AUTHORS
       The  netstat  user  interface  was  written  by	Fred  Baumgarten  <dc6iq@insu1.etec.uni-karlsruhe.de>,	the  man  page	basically  by  Matt  Welsh  <mdw@tc.cornell.edu>. It was updated by Alan Cox
       <Alan.Cox@linux.org>, updated again by Tuan Hoang <tqhoang@bigfoot.com>. The man page and the command included in the net-tools package is totally rewritten by Bernd Eckenfels <ecki@linux.de>.	 UD‐
       PLite options were added by Brian Micek <bmicek@gmail.com>

net-tools											 2014-10-07											  NETSTAT(8)

nginx ssl 設定步驟

Wed, 29 May 2024 21:27:49 +0800

檢查本機的OpenSSL支援加密協定

`1`	`openssl ciphers -v \| grep TLS`

❯ openssl ciphers -v | grep TLS
TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384         TLSv1.3 Kx=any      Au=any   Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256   TLSv1.3 Kx=any      Au=any   Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256         TLSv1.3 Kx=any      Au=any   Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384  TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384    TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305  TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305    TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA   Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305      TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA   Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256  TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256    TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384      TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA384
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384        TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA384
DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256          TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256      TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256        TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256
DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256          TLSv1.2 Kx=DH       Au=RSA   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA         TLSv1   Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA1
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA           TLSv1   Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA1
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA         TLSv1   Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA1
ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA           TLSv1   Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA1
RSA-PSK-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2 Kx=RSAPSK   Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
DHE-PSK-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2 Kx=DHEPSK   Au=PSK   Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
RSA-PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305      TLSv1.2 Kx=RSAPSK   Au=RSA   Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
DHE-PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305      TLSv1.2 Kx=DHEPSK   Au=PSK   Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305    TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDHEPSK Au=PSK   Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
AES256-GCM-SHA384              TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
PSK-AES256-GCM-SHA384          TLSv1.2 Kx=PSK      Au=PSK   Enc=AESGCM(256)            Mac=AEAD
PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305          TLSv1.2 Kx=PSK      Au=PSK   Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256) Mac=AEAD
RSA-PSK-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2 Kx=RSAPSK   Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
DHE-PSK-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2 Kx=DHEPSK   Au=PSK   Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
AES128-GCM-SHA256              TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA   Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
PSK-AES128-GCM-SHA256          TLSv1.2 Kx=PSK      Au=PSK   Enc=AESGCM(128)            Mac=AEAD
AES256-SHA256                  TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA256
AES128-SHA256                  TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA      Au=RSA   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384    TLSv1   Kx=ECDHEPSK Au=PSK   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA384
ECDHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA       TLSv1   Kx=ECDHEPSK Au=PSK   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA1
RSA-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384      TLSv1   Kx=RSAPSK   Au=RSA   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA384
DHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384      TLSv1   Kx=DHEPSK   Au=PSK   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA384
PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384          TLSv1   Kx=PSK      Au=PSK   Enc=AES(256)               Mac=SHA384
ECDHE-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256    TLSv1   Kx=ECDHEPSK Au=PSK   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256
ECDHE-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA       TLSv1   Kx=ECDHEPSK Au=PSK   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA1
RSA-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256      TLSv1   Kx=RSAPSK   Au=RSA   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256
DHE-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256      TLSv1   Kx=DHEPSK   Au=PSK   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256
PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256          TLSv1   Kx=PSK      Au=PSK   Enc=AES(128)               Mac=SHA256

工具
#

SSL Configuration Generator

參考資料
#

linux CLI rsync

Sat, 18 May 2024 00:08:34 +0800

中斷續傳
#

`1`	`rsync -P --rsh=ssh jameschang@[IP]:[source-path] [gold-path]`

-P 顯示進度

一到指令刪除相關進程

Sat, 27 Apr 2024 23:22:46 +0800

查詢 java 所有的進程

❯ top -b -n 1 | grep java | cut -c 1-7
   8190
  15263
  15512
  16641
  17148

假設我要刪除 java 全部的進程可以這樣處理

`1`	`❯ top -b -n 1 \| grep java \| cut -c 1-7 \| xargs kill -9`

KDE 桌面 CLI

Tue, 09 Apr 2024 10:59:52 +0800

KED 強制登出使用者

`1`	`sudo pkill -KILL -u [username]]`

是直接強制踢出指定使用者所有程序

Linux 發行板核心版本整理

Sat, 09 Mar 2024 11:27:26 +0800

前幾天在工作中因為要導入GBC，但是在客戶的系統當中有非RedHat衍生發行板的系統，所以想說用相近的 Linux Kernel 作為導入的基礎，在這邊把整好的核心版本整理一下

windows ssh key 登入 Linux

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 20:53:54 +0800

先產生 ssh 金鑰

`1`	`ssh-keygen`

將公鑰上傳到目標主機

`1`	`type $env:USERPROFILE\.ssh\id_rsa.pub \| ssh {account}@{IP-ADDRESS-OR-FQDN} "cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys"`

Linux on PolloChang 工作筆記

Debian13 安裝 Ansible

ntp-server

部屬 NTP Server #

Oracle Linux 7 #

deploy-glassfish-on-oracle-linux

Build Template - Oracle Linux 8

通用設定 #

建置前置作業 #

howdy 人臉辨識

環境 #

安裝 #

UxPlay - IPhone 螢幕投影

安裝 UxPlay #

參考資料 #

我使用Debian的方式

移除 Gnome 桌面預設 #

Linux Gdisk Error

linux 登入使用 google auth 二階段驗證

環境 #

安裝及部屬 #

安裝 #

Disable Gnome Auto Upate

將腳本丟到背景執行

systemctl

變更 systemctl 默認編輯器 #

同檔名優先權 #

nmcli 指令操作

處理前動作 #

新增網卡配置 #

關閉centos7防火牆firewalld改用傳統的iptables

關閉 centos7 防火牆 firewalld 改用傳統的 iptables #

這樣做的原因 #

Firewalld Common Questions

firewalld 問題整理 #

AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. #

Firewalld 學習筆記

firewall 網路來源優先 #

區域簡介 #

Firewalld Forward Port 防火牆轉發

Create Local Repository for Yum

建立本地yum倉庫 #

生一個CentOS7 的環境 #

local repository #

環境 #

CRON[204259]: PAM unable to dlopen(pam_pwquality.so)

詳細錯誤訊息 #

環境 #

解決方式 #

install-open-project-on-debain11

環境 #

新增資料庫 #

安裝指令 #

Fail2ban

fail2ban 安裝 #

狀態 #

Nmon

nmon #

nmon_analyser #

linux 設定網路

設定網路 #

啟動網卡 #

透過 DHCP 取得IP #

安裝 NetworkManager #

Arch Linux 安裝

環境 #

環境調查事項 #

環境規劃 #

硬碟 #

下載 #

安裝 SOP #

Debiain 桌面設定

筆電 #

蓋上螢幕不休眠 #

在 Linux 中 製作 USB 開機牒

方案 #

環境 #

處理步驟 #

Linux Iconv

在 Linux 中，su account 和 su - account 有以下主要差別

部屬 NTP Server
#

Oracle Linux 7
#

通用設定
#

建置前置作業
#

環境
#

安裝
#

安裝 UxPlay
#

參考資料
#

移除 Gnome 桌面預設
#

環境
#

安裝及部屬
#

安裝
#

變更 systemctl 默認編輯器
#

同檔名優先權
#

處理前動作
#

新增網卡配置
#

關閉 centos7 防火牆 firewalld 改用傳統的 iptables
#

這樣做的原因
#

firewalld 問題整理
#

AllowZoneDrifting is enabled.
#

firewall 網路來源優先
#

區域簡介
#

建立本地yum倉庫
#

生一個CentOS7 的環境
#

local repository
#

環境
#

詳細錯誤訊息
#

環境
#

解決方式
#

環境
#

新增資料庫
#

安裝指令
#

fail2ban 安裝
#

狀態
#

nmon
#

nmon_analyser
#

設定網路
#

啟動網卡
#

透過 DHCP 取得IP
#

安裝 NetworkManager
#

環境
#

環境調查事項
#

環境規劃
#

硬碟
#

下載
#

安裝 SOP
#

筆電
#

蓋上螢幕不休眠
#

在 Linux 中製作 USB 開機牒

方案
#

環境
#

處理步驟
#

su account
#

su - account
#

統計每個 IP 地址的出現次數
#

使用 lshw 工具
#

安裝
#

檢測
#

CPU
#

RAM
#

硬碟
#

網路介面
#

參考資料
#

環境
#

執行步驟
#

編譯安裝
#

使用
#

線上手冊內容
#

工具
#

參考資料
#

中斷續傳
#